Category: Ancient Middle East

The ancient Middle East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient Persia, Anatolia and the Armenian highlands, the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Middle East spans a vast time frame, covering the period from around 3500 BCE to the early centuries CE.

Unveiling Kushim: Exploring the Earliest Written Record of Human History

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Iraq8 Comments

Pinpointing the very first person in written history is quite challenging because the earliest written records date back thousands of years and are often fragmented or incomplete. However, some of the earliest known written records come from ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, who lived in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 3500-3100 BCE. The name "Kushim" appears on a clay tablet dating back to around 3200 BCE from ancient Sumeria. This tablet, known as the "Kushim Tablet" or "Kushim Seal," records the sale of a quantity of barley and is considered one of the earliest examples of written documentation of a commercial transaction. The Kushim Tablet, dating back to around 3200 BCE, captures a pivotal moment in civilization, marking the birth of written language for practical administrative and economic needs. This artefact, though seemingly mundane, offers a glimpse into the intricate tapestry of early trade and commerce, symbolizing the fundamental role of every individual in shaping our shared human story.

Exploring the Enchanting Charms of Old Bazaar in Erbil

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Cultural Heritage, Iraq, Tourist Attractions6 Comments

The Old Souq or Qaysari Bazaar, in Iraq's Erbil, is a historic marketplace dating back to the 8th century. As one of the world's oldest inhabited areas, it reflects a rich cultural mixture from various civilizations. Renowned for its vibrant atmosphere and diverse offerings, the Souq features a blend of traditional and modern commerce. Its enticing architecture, array of shops, friendly locals, and culinary delights make it an immersive experience that transcends shopping, offering visitors a journey through time and the cultural tapestry of Kurdish heritage.

Unveiling Ancient Connections: The Buddha in the Land of the Pharaohs

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Art & Literature, Egypt7 Comments

In ancient Egypt, the city of Berenice pivoted as a vibrant hub for diverse cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Archaeologists recently discovered a statue of Buddha from Roman Egypt in the Goddess Isis’ temple at Berenice, highlighting commercial and cultural ties with India. The city, a melting pot of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian civilizations, grappled with Buddhist philosophy along with goods transported from India, creating a unique blend of spirituality and culture before fading into obscurity.

The Fascinating History of Beer

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Art & Literature, Beverage, Iraq, Myths & Legends18 Comments

The history of beer spans thousands of years, with its origins dating back to ancient Mesopotamia where it was devised as a religious offering. Over time, brewing methods evolved across various civilizations including the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Romans, with significant advancements such as the introduction of hops in Germany in the 11th century and the discovery of bottom fermentation. The Industrial Revolution further transformed brewing, enabling large-scale production. Beer, thus, not only represents a much-enjoyed beverage but a testament to human socio-cultural evolution.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Mushussu: A Journey into Mesopotamian Mythology

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Art & Literature, Cultural Heritage, Iraq, Myths & Legends12 Comments

Mushussu is a mythical creature from ancient Mesopotamian mythology, depicted as a serpent or dragon with lion's front legs and eagle's hind legs. This creature is believed to symbolize the gods and played a significant role in ancient religious beliefs and rituals. Often connected with the god Marduk, Mushussu is mostly depicted on the famous Ishtar Gate of Babylon. Besides being a guardian, it also signifies water, fertility, and kingship. Presently, Mushussu stands as a crucial emblem of Mesopotamian culture and mythology, inspiring artists and writers.

The Oldest Written Customer Service Complaint in History

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Iraq22 Comments

The oldest customer complaint known was discovered on a clay tablet from 1750 BCE, found in the ancient city of Ur, current southern Iraq. The complaint was made by a man named Nanni to the merchant Ea-nasir, about the poor-quality copper bought. Nanni also claimed he was mistreated and mentioned fraudulent practices by Ea-nasir. This tablet, housed currently in the British Museum, offers insight into customer service expectations and the importance of good business practices in ancient times.

Exploring Ancient Marvels: The Mask of Warka

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Cultural Heritage, Iraq, Myths & Legends15 Comments

On International Museum Day, the post discusses the Mask of Warka, an artefact from the Iraq Museum in Baghdad. The mask, dating back to 3100 BCE, could be linked to the Sumerian goddess, Inanna. Crafted from white marble and adorned with shells, lapis lazuli and metal studs, the relic represents the cultural and religious landscape of ancient Mesopotamia. Despite being looted in 2003, the mask was recovered and remains a testament to our shared human history.

Akitu Festival: A Celebration of New Beginnings in Ancient Mesopotamia

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Iraq, Myths & Legends13 Comments

The Akitu Festival was an essential spring and New Year's celebration in ancient Mesopotamia. Held in March/April, the festival celebrated the sowing of barley, nature's rebirth, and the renewal of life, while honoring the supreme god Marduk and his son Nabu. It lasted 12 days, each with its unique rituals and ceremonies, conducted in the city of Babylon and a special temple outside the city. The festival also served a significant social and political role, including a ritual humiliation of the king to demonstrate his mortality and reliance on Marduk.

The Ancient Tavern of Lagash: A Window into Everyday Life in the World’s First Cities

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Iraq13 Comments

Archaeologists have uncovered a 5,000-year-old tavern in Lagash, Iraq, shedding light on ancient Sumerian society. The remains featured an open-air dining area, industrial-sized oven, and ancient refrigerator, offering insights into the lifestyle of the middle class. This discovery challenges previous notions, indicating the existence of an ancient middle class. Detailed analysis of samples is expected to reveal more about the tavern's patrons and ancient city social structure.

The Golden Lyre of Ur: A Glimpse into the Mesopotamian Music Culture

On By Indrajit Roy ChoudhuryIn Ancient Middle East, Cultural Heritage, Iraq, Myths & Legends12 Comments

The Golden Lyre of Ur, discovered in the 1920s by British archaeologist Leonard Woolley, represents the rich musical heritage of ancient Mesopotamian society. The lyre is a gold and wood instrument, with 11 strings, adorned with carved mythical creatures. Found in the Royal Cemetery of Ur, it is one of the oldest stringed instruments ever uncovered and was likely used in significant ceremonies and rituals, including burials. Its intricate design features suggest the substantial role of music in Mesopotamian society, as well as its religious and spiritual significance.