An object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical interest.
The journey along National Highway No. NH 19 toward Prayagraj turned profound when a visit to the Mundeshwari Temple became a spontaneous detour. Recognized as the world’s oldest functional Hindu temple, this site embodies rich history and unique architecture. The temple, dedicated to Shiva and Shakti, serves as a cultural and spiritual hub. The visit offered insights into India's heritage, leaving a lasting awe-filled impression.
Chandraketugarh, an ancient archaeological site in West Bengal, was once a bustling trade hub dating back to the 3rd century BCE. Named after King Chandraketu, the city flourished till the 12th century CE. Boasting artifacts and structures from various civilizations, it showcases a blend of indigenous Indian culture and influences from Greece, Persia, and Southeast Asia. Chandraketugarh, also possibly the ancient capital of Vanga and the kingdom of Gangaridai, remains a mystery due to inadequate research and awareness. The West Bengal state government established a museum in 2017 to protect its artifacts.
In the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia not only gave the world writing and the wheel but also its first cookbook. Etched on clay tablets around 1700 BCE, these ancient recipes reveal a sophisticated palate — stews rich with lamb, onions, and spices — and remind us that humanity’s story has always been written in the language of food.
The ancient city of Shaduppum, now modern-day Tell Harmal in Iraq, was a significant center during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Known for its rich history, intricate urban layout, and its importance in bureaucracy, commerce, and culture, Shaduppum hosted numerous temples and was a hub for Babylonia's treasury and accounting. Its most notable discoveries include clay tablets inscribed with laws, mathematical equations, and remarkable texts such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, all of which provide valuable insights into the Mesopotamian civilization.
Babylon, one of the most influential cities of ancient Mesopotamia, has a history that spans almost two millennia. From its initial foundation as a small Akkadian town in the third millennium BC to its rise as the capital of the Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi's rule, the city has had periods of grandeur and decline. Notable for its significant landmarks like the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Babylon also housed notable figures such as Hammurabi, famous for his code of laws. Its ruins are now in Iraq, open to visitors who want to explore its rich heritage.
The Warka Vase, an artifact from 3200 BCE discovered in modern-day Iraq, is revered for its intricate carvings depicting ancient Sumerian mythology. Crafted as a tribute to the goddess Inanna, the vase was found in the temple complex of Uruk, showing the civilization's beliefs and culture. The vase was stolen in 2003, amidst the American invasion, but returned following an amnesty program.
Inanna, a prominent Mesopotamian goddess, symbolized love, fertility, and war, governing both divine and earthly realms. Her myths illustrate themes of death and rebirth, showcasing her significance in agriculture. Temples dedicated to her served as spiritual and economic centers, influencing later cultures as Ishtar. Her worship declined with the rise of monotheism.
Archaeologists in Haryana, India, have discovered the remains of a young couple buried in an embrace dating back 4,500 years. The find offers insights into ancient relationships and ceremonies, and challenges our understanding of love and marriage in the Harappan Civilization. It suggests a deep appreciation for romantic bonds, raising questions about the origins of marital love. The discovery offers a poignant reminder of the enduring human experience of love and loss.
As Nowruz approached, friends and I explored the National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad, a vital custodian of Mesopotamian history. Despite the tragic looting in 2003, the museum houses a rich collection, including the Lady of Warka and artifacts from diverse ancient cultures. Its resilience serves as a beacon of hope and connection to Iraq’s past, urging visitors to appreciate and support its heritage.
The Lamassu is a celestial being from ancient Mesopotamian religion bearing the head of a man, the wings of an eagle, and the hulking body of a bull, sometimes with the horns and the ears of a bull. The Lamassu combines the strength of a bull, the freedom of an eagle, and the intelligence of a human being.
