Caves and rock shelters are natural or man-made hollow spaces in rock formations that have been used by humans and animals throughout history for various purposes. They have served as shelters, living spaces, burial sites, religious sanctuaries, and even artistic canvases.
The Isko Caves in Jharkhand, India, are a significant archeological site and a testament to the country's prehistoric art and culture. Situated in a forest, the caves contain rock paintings from the Meso-Chalcolithic period (9000-5000 BCE). Local tribes, upholding the tradition of rock painting, connect the present day to the past via rituals performed at these caves. These caves, discovered in 1991, require proper maintenance and protection to conserve this important heritage site.
Jeita Grotto, nestled in Keserwan, Lebanon, is a remarkable limestone cave network featuring spectacular stalactites and stalagmites, and a subterranean river. Home to one of the largest hanging stalactites globally, the 9-kilometre-long system encompasses two main galleries - the upper and lower, which can be explored by foot and boat respectively. Noted for its natural beauty, it's one of Lebanon's leading attractions. Rediscovered in 1836, Jeita Grotto's karstic structures were formed over millions of years due to the dissolution of limestone.
The Udayagiri Khandagiri Caves of Odisha, dating to the 2nd century BC, are a complex of 33 caves carved from sandstone hills by Jain monks. Known for intricate carvings, these caves were historical dwelling places, meditation chambers, and religious centers. The premises bear an entry charge, housing several remarkable features like inscriptions, rock-cut sculptures, and Jain structures. They offer a deep dive into an ancient era, with the caves' creations reminiscent of famous structures like Ajanta and Ellora.
During a pilgrimage to Shirdi with my mother, we took a detour to the Ajanta Caves, rather than Ellora, due to the rains. The stunning rock-cut caves, dating back to the second century BCE, showcased viharas, stupas, and prayer halls with exquisite paintings and sculptures. These ancient marvels, depicting Buddhist traditions and narratives, offered a glimpse into the rich cultural legacy of ancient India, reflecting exquisite craftsmanship and vibrant artistry.
