Iraq has a rich history, known as the land of Mesopotamia, one of the earliest cradles of civilization. Ancient Mesopotamia saw the rise of civilizations like the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. The culture of Iraq is diverse, influenced by its long history and various ethnic groups. Iraqi culture includes music, literature, art, and culinary traditions,
The first person in recorded history, known through ancient writings, is Kushim, an accountant from Mesopotamia. His name, etched on a clay tablet dating back to 3200 BCE, reflects a significant yet humble role in documenting economic transactions and the emergence of writing. This discovery highlights the vital contribution of ordinary individuals to civilization, reminding us that history is shaped by both extraordinary figures and everyday people like Kushim.
The Old Souq or Qaysari Bazaar, in Iraq's Erbil, is a historic marketplace dating back to the 8th century. As one of the world's oldest inhabited areas, it reflects a rich cultural mixture from various civilizations. Renowned for its vibrant atmosphere and diverse offerings, the Souq features a blend of traditional and modern commerce. Its enticing architecture, array of shops, friendly locals, and culinary delights make it an immersive experience that transcends shopping, offering visitors a journey through time and the cultural tapestry of Kurdish heritage.
Experiencing Iraqi cuisine in Baghdad offered a profound connection to its history and culture, epitomized by the iconic dish Kubbah Saray. As I savored this royal-inspired food at Kubbat al-Baghdady, the blend of spices and textures spoke of Iraq’s rich heritage, from the Abbasid Caliphate to the Ottoman Empire. This culinary journey revealed the importance of food in fostering community and cultural understanding in Iraq.
Beer is not merely a drink but a distilled memory of civilisation itself. From Sumerian hymns and Egyptian wages to India’s ancient rice brews and modern craft taprooms, beer has flowed alongside human history—nourishing bodies, binding communities, and carrying stories across time, geography, and culture, one fermented sip at a time.
Four years ago, in the National Museum of Iraq, I encountered the mythic creature Mushussu, a hybrid of serpent, lion, and eagle in Mesopotamian mythology. Its name, stemming from Akkadian, connects to divine power and protection associated with Marduk, Babylon's chief god. Mushussu embodied attributes of vitality and guardianship, prominently featured on the Ishtar Gate. Today, its legacy persists in museums and digital platforms, bridging ancient mythology with modern cultural imagination.
The oldest customer complaint known was discovered on a clay tablet from 1750 BCE, found in the ancient city of Ur, current southern Iraq. The complaint was made by a man named Nanni to the merchant Ea-nasir, about the poor-quality copper bought. Nanni also claimed he was mistreated and mentioned fraudulent practices by Ea-nasir. This tablet, housed currently in the British Museum, offers insight into customer service expectations and the importance of good business practices in ancient times.
The Mask of Warka, dating to 3100 BCE, is a pivotal archaeological find from Uruk in ancient Mesopotamia. Likely representing the goddess Inanna, its striking naturalism showcases early sculptural artistry and religious symbolism. The mask reflects the civilization’s complex beliefs and artistic evolution, bridging the divine and human realms in ancient culture.
The Akitu Festival was an essential spring and New Year's celebration in ancient Mesopotamia. Held in March/April, the festival celebrated the sowing of barley, nature's rebirth, and the renewal of life, while honoring the supreme god Marduk and his son Nabu. It lasted 12 days, each with its unique rituals and ceremonies, conducted in the city of Babylon and a special temple outside the city. The festival also served a significant social and political role, including a ritual humiliation of the king to demonstrate his mortality and reliance on Marduk.
Archaeologists have uncovered a 5,000-year-old tavern in Lagash, Iraq, shedding light on ancient Sumerian society. The remains featured an open-air dining area, industrial-sized oven, and ancient refrigerator, offering insights into the lifestyle of the middle class. This discovery challenges previous notions, indicating the existence of an ancient middle class. Detailed analysis of samples is expected to reveal more about the tavern's patrons and ancient city social structure.
In the heart of Baghdad, where faiths once intertwined, I traced the forgotten footsteps of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. From the tomb of Pir Bahlol to the ruins of a lost Gurudwara, this journey revealed not only history but humanity — a reminder that love, peace, and understanding can outlast even the ravages of war and time.
