The late modern period begins in 1857 and extends until 1947, covering significant events like the decline of the Mughal Empire and the struggle for independence.
In 1852, Radhanath Sikdar, a Bengali mathematician, discovered that Peak XV was the world's highest mountain, later named Mount Everest. His groundbreaking calculations were overshadowed by British imperial bias, as the peak was named after a British official. Sikdar's contributions to the Great Trigonometrical Survey were largely ignored, encapsulating the colonial erasure of non-Western intellectual achievements.
On 11 August, we respectfully remember Khudiram Bose, one of India’s youngest freedom fighters, who was martyred in 1908 at just 18. His bravery in the face of colonial rule inspired the nation. Khudiram faced death fearlessly, leaving a lasting legacy. Today, we honour him by renewing our commitment to justice, courage, and service to the country.
For over 160 years, the Union Club & Library has stood at the heart of Ranchi—an enduring sanctuary of intellect, culture, and community. Born in 1864 from the vision of a few Bengali scholars, it has evolved into a vibrant symbol of the city’s spirit, witnessing eras of colonial rule, India’s freedom movement, and Jharkhand’s emergence as a state. From literary gatherings under lamplight to musical evenings and impassioned debates, the Union Club remains a living chronicle of Ranchi’s cultural heartbeat—where the past and present continue to move together, true to its timeless motto: Sangachchadhvam—“Let us move together.”
The Anushilan Samiti, operating during British colonial rule in India, was a clandestine revolutionary organization that advocated armed resistance. It emerged as a reaction to the moderate methods of the Indian National Congress, emphasizing physical fitness, martial training, and social responsibility. Members engaged in propaganda and armed attacks on British officials. Despite facing repression, the Samiti continued to operate clandestinely and played a significant role in the independence movement, inspiring generations of revolutionaries.
On May Day, we honour the labour movement and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's contributions to workers' rights, including his role in the Tata Steel trade union. His advocacy and leadership secured fundamental rights for workers, reshaping India's industrial landscape. His legacy demonstrates the intersection of freedom struggle and labour movements, inspiring solidarity and social justice.
Rashbehari Ghosh, a prominent Bengali advocate and philanthropist, defied English authority and excelled in the field of law. He opposed the partition of Bengal, supported the Swadeshi movement, and championed technical education, leaving a lasting impact on Indian society. He established educational institutions and supported scientific endeavors. His legacy as a nationalist and freedom fighter endures through institutions like Jadavpur University.
Lahiri Diwas is an annual commemoration in Gonda jail, Uttar Pradesh, honouring the fearless revolutionary Rajendranath Lahiri, known for his major role in India's independence movement and execution on December 17, 1927. Lahiri, born in 1901 in Bengal, demonstrated exceptional courage, breaking societal norms and conducting revolutionary activities, including the notorious Kakori train robbery. Despite his death sentence, he expressed undying resilience and belief in a liberated India. Today, this event celebrates his sacrifice, featuring cultural festivities and reinforcement of his enduring belief.
Sir Rajendra Nath Mookerjee, born in the 19th century, was a visionary architect and engineer whose contributions transformed Kolkata’s skyline. He co-founded Martin & Company, leading to landmark projects like the Howrah Bridge and Victoria Memorial. Mookerjee also co-founded IISCO, integral to India's steel industry. Despite his significant achievements in engineering, sports, and academia, he remains largely unacknowledged in history, highlighting the need for his legacy to be celebrated.
Long before telegraph wires crisscrossed India, messages once leapt across the sky — tower to tower — through an ingenious system of wooden arms and coded light. Scattered across Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand, the forgotten semaphore towers tell a fascinating story of early communication, colonial ingenuity, and human ambition to bridge distance through vision and precision.
Rakhal Das Banerji was a significant Indian archaeologist who made important contributions to the understanding of ancient civilizations, particularly the Indus Valley Civilization. He is renowned for discovering Mohenjo-Daro, one of the oldest and best-preserved urban settlements, pushing back the civilization's date by 2000 years. Despite his monumental work, Banerji didn't receive adequate recognition during his lifetime, with modern Indian scholars now working to restore his legacy.
