Nestled within the rich culinary tapestry of Iraq lies a beloved treat that has been cherished for generations: Kleicha. These delectable cookies hold a special place in Iraqi culture, often gracing tables during festive occasions, family gatherings, and religious celebrations. Join me on a journey to discover the story behind Kleicha, its diverse varieties, and the cherished traditions it represents.

If you’re a fan of Middle Eastern sweets, you’ve likely heard of Kliecha. These traditional Iraqi cookies are a staple in many households and are often served during special occasions such as Eid or weddings. It is loved by all Iraqi groups, including Muslims, Christians, Chaldeans, Assyrians, and Kurds. These cookies are called “kileche” in Assyrian, while they are known as “kleicha” in Arabic.

While there are many variations of Kleicha depending on the region and family traditions, the basic recipe remains relatively consistent. The dough is typically made from flour, butter or ghee, sugar, yeast, and warm water. The filling often consists of a sweet mixture of dates, nuts such as walnuts or almonds, and aromatic spices like cinnamon and cardamom.

The dough is rolled out into thin sheets, filled with the date-nut mixture, and then carefully shaped into intricate patterns. These patterns can vary from simple shapes to more elaborate designs, showcasing the baker’s skill and creativity. Once shaped, the cookies are baked until golden brown, filling the kitchen with the irresistible aroma of spices and sweetness.

While date-filled Kleicha is perhaps the most well-known variety, there are several other types of Kleicha enjoyed throughout Iraq. Some regions prefer savoury versions filled with ingredients such as cheese, and sesame seeds, or savoury spices like cumin and black pepper. These savoury Kleicha offer a delightful contrast to their sweet counterparts and are often enjoyed as a snack or appetizer.

Kleicha may be traced back to the ancient Mesopotamian ‘qullupu’. According to the narratives of Nawal Nasrallah in celebration of the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar, New Year and Spring festivals of the Sumerian goddess Inanna (Queen of Heaven), special pastries were baked as offerings to them. Generally, making pastries and confections was a flourishing business in ancient Mesopotamia. They were made at the palace and temple kitchens, as well as in bazaars by professional confectioners. There was a cookie called qullupu, a name that suggests it was shaped round like the moon. The term was derived from the Semitic kull meaning whole. The qullupu cookies were prepared by filling with raisins or dates portions of dough made with fine wheat flour and sesame oil, and then baking them in the tannour. Many pottery moulds were discovered in the palace at Mari (in present-day Syria near the Iraqi border) dating to around 1780 BCE. They are believed to have been used for forming breads into various decorative shapes, the initial versions of kleicha.

In addition to being a delicious treat, Kleicha holds significant cultural and symbolic value for many Iraqis. Baking Kleicha is often a communal activity, bringing together family members to share stories, laughter, and cherished memories. The process of making Kleicha is passed down through generations, with each family adding their unique touch to the recipe.

Kleicha is more than just a cookie; it is a symbol of tradition, heritage, and community. From its humble origins in Iraqi homes to its presence on festive tables around the world, Kleicha embodies the warmth and hospitality of Iraqi culture. So, the next time you bite into a delicious Kleicha, take a moment to savour not just the flavours but the rich history and tradition that make these cookies truly special.